It is likely that this case has offered players the end of the presentation to the villagers a remedy for various ailments. (Wood engraving, Collection nail)
The for lifetime very famous magician Alexander sold home citizens from the previous blog after returning from his many years of American tour in his home city of Munster a wound and laxative, even decades after his death was marketed.
The sale of medicines or even the exercise of practical healing treatments ware obvious as when magicians often, but other traveling artists worked here. Thus, the ancestors of the still reported as a cable runner-known trotter clan following: "A Louis Trotter, (...), 1808, stayed a Force of 12 people, 2 cars and 5 horses in Kettwig on the Mosel. After they amused the people had to tightrope walking, they praised the impact of their medicines and their medical knowledge. They possessed the secret to cure all diseases easily. Their medicine, they sold at huge prices and then looked into the distance. Soon after, reports from Rhens, peddling their wives in villages with an agent that may not only help heal certain diseases but also give a new glimmer of counterfeit money. (...) Alois Taber (...) married, itinerant puppeteer 'Franziska Witthauer, a parents, surgeon' and a puppeteer were. " (1)
The example has a long tradition of combining juggling and showmanship, and quackery in the 17th and 18 Century was at its height and went back to the Middle Ages.
Even the medieval minstrel was in addition to its main fields of activity artistry and musicianship often a healer or "healing spells. At the very probable connections to shamanism point obtained to date include the traces of the musician and magician healer in South East Europe:
"The Szeklers in Transylvania in Hungary ancient customs of a religious play team survived. The musicians were shamans of healing, magic and music were also qualified. The ritual act was prepared by dancing, singing and gymnastic feats, which beat the drum and a spell was recited, (...) " (2)
The entertainers of modern times were often healers in appearance. (3) "The worm has a seed about the other henbane seeds for the dental woe about the other Pulffer / vertreibet which the Harnwinde / or Furtz softens / that you did not hear / so Manniche WOL in good company ministered is ... " (4)
deserves special attention Manfredi of Malta, acting as runners and high-wire acrobats, who allegedly picked up a stone of 700 pounds with the curls of his hair. Above all, "he drank large quantities of water and spat it out different fountains. He seems to have even alternated the liquids that came out of his mouth. Once it was wine, then beer, oil, milk and different fragrances (5) to his audience he was here like the effect of his "excellent balm for the corrupt stomach "demonstrate the 17th on a list received the announcement Century billed in addition to his artistic arts is (6). was
addition to such entertainers, the "side" selling remedies or treatments resulted in smaller, there were traveling quack whose main profession of the healing arts. The loud praises of their products and services ranging from increased competition at the fairs and markets soon no longer enough to attract the attention of the audience. Many therefore committed acrobats and clowns and animals could see. could reach (7)
How big the pomp traveling doctors, shows a Memminger Chronicle from 1724: "On 2 July came to a famous doctor named John Ehr. Strokes, with five coaches, including two very magnificent, was carrying 50 people, including women and children, a dwarf, two outlaws, two trumpeters, and various musicians, (...), also 18 horses and two camels. He had his Theatrum on the Ratzengraben sold its goods, played before and after comedies, (...), was polite people and proper in clothes. " (8) For a subsequent guest appearance was his troops as much as 30 musicians, a" Mohr "a tightrope walker, six" Laquai "and" various women and increasingly people. " (9) The famous doctor Eisenbarth had a troupe of 120 artists members, "the fax was, as he missed public enemas. (10)
During the Middle Ages the importance of traveling medicine man and healer musicians is to estimate quite high, spread the resources of the healers and charlatans of modern times often probably do more harm than good. At best, probably her "elephant and Elchschmalz" or their "famous planet rock" have been without any effect. This was not always the case: "'So have' Dryander says in the preface to his Pharmacopoeia 1542, Such vagrants and Leutebescheißer to all ailments a drug, a potion, an ointment, a patch or something so absurd that some of the life verzettet thereat. " (11)
Increasing criticism was also the artistic social program of the quack. Back in the 15th and 16 Century "swarm" the Nuremberg Council Minutes of decrees, "in which 'Travellers' or, Himmelreich 'is forbidden, you` petroleomics', `Quirinus Oil ',' Rosemary Balsam ',` Scorpion oil' or 'elephant lard' houses in Nuremberg cheap to keep . '(12) In Regensburg they were allowed to market time to year Patron or occur, they had to have their medicines but first be examined by doctors. (13) A similar procedure was in Zurich, where doctors and surgeons, an investigating authority ", the so-called" Geschau "formed. Roving Doctors could treat it in most cities, only certain diseases, so they made the doctors as little competition. In addition, it banned again from the indispensable advertising purposes artistic performances. (14) In Hamburg, it was said 1686 "tooth breakers, quacks and charlatans to seek assist Ireland in their theaters of jesters and fools." (15)
But all these measures against traveling quack taught little. Her story, which is closely linked with the history of other driving groups, reaches far into the 19th Century - although the skills waned, the trusted to them with increasing advances in medicine and superstition in decreasing the population. The first-mentioned means of force likely Trotting primarily found in rural areas received, and the "surgeon" and "technicians" at the fairs in the 18th Century still viscera fractions treated and acted as a stone engraver and Star, were limited to tooth extraction and minor surgery for corns, chilblains hardened "or ingrown nails.
What were much more comprehensive as the treatment areas of their colleagues earlier times, which would hardly have admitted to having a disease not a means or a "painless" method of treatment (16), as well as subsequent parody can be by sound of a carnival game. The song has certainly not by chance similarities to known Spotttlied to Dr. Eisenbarth, however, this is created only in 1800.
"Listen gentlemen all the same!
It is a master of arts rich.
He calls himself champion Vivian,
the seven artists it really well (...) can. .
He can be masterful things
do talk the blind "(17)
While traveling entertainers trust no healer skills more, would present quack their audience will find other ways: use tabloids and , to modern media such as Internet and private channels to their magic in the guise of scientific evidence supposedly to praise, often with esoteric twist. The advertising strategies they use here are essentially those of their predecessors while at the fairs of yesteryear.
The target group has not changed: "... the many who are predisposed to drunken the illusion that the demand if the soil has denied the happiness, the happiness of another star, and if the world unsuccessful granted, they try to succeed in a world of spirits, if bitter circumstances will exist laws, so they call for the soft front of his wand laws, the half-educated are the Charlatans following, the weak and suffering-laden prey.. (18)
.
(1) Arnold, H., fringe groups of the Gypsy people. Neustadt/Wstr.1975, S.157f, (2) Danckert, W.: Dishonest people. The outlawed professions. Bern 1963, S.250f, (3) See ibid p.218, (4) Garzoni, Thomaso: Piazza Universale: General venue / Marckt and Zusammenkunfft / all professions / arts / employments / affairs and Handwercken. Frankfurt 1659th Reproduction Nuremberg 1962, (5) Jay, R.: Sauschlau and refractory. People, animals, sensations of show business. Offenbach, 1988, p.316, (6), see Hampe, Th: The people moving in the German past. Leipzig 1902, p.118, (7) See Carl Stichler: Travellers doctors, quacks and medical distributors of the 17th Century. In: K. Sudhoff (ed.), Archives for the History of Medicine. 2. Vol Leipzig 1908, S.285ff, (8) quoted in Hampe 1902, p. 108, (9) See ibid, (10) Bose, G. Brinkmann, E.: Circus. history and aesthetics of a lower art. Berlin 1978, p. 24, (11) Hampton, 1902, p.107, (12) ibid, p.106, (13) see Schöppler, Hermann: A Medizinalordnung the free city of Regensburg. Sudhoff In 1908, p.127, (14) see Stichler 1908, S.286ff, (15) Beneke, O.: From dishonest people. Culture-historical Studies and stories from days gone by German industry and services with special reference to Hamburg. 2. Ed Berlin 1889, p. 58, (16) see Kopecny, A.: Travellers and vagabonds. Its history, survival skills, signs and roads. Berlin 1980, p.56, (17) quoted in Hampe, 1902, p.107, (18) Grete de Francesco: The power of the Charlatans. Basel 1937, S.32f
.
0 comments:
Post a Comment