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show booth out of a shoebox, Heike jump in 2001

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cut and thrust

The Fair offered young people, especially in earlier times one of the few occasions einmal richtig über die Stränge zu schlagen, sich darzustellen und zu beweisen – nicht zuletzt mit Blick auf das andere Geschlecht.

Schießbude, „Hau den Lukas“ und Elektrisiermaschine, die man(n) keinesfalls losließ, wenn der Zeiger noch auf „Halbstarker“ oder gar „Schlappschwanz“ stand, boten u.a. Gelegenheiten zur Selbstdarstellung; die auf vielen Schützenfesten und Kirmessen obligatorischen Prügeleien in aufgeheizter und angetrunkener Stimmung zu vorgerückter Stunde in weit weniger schadloser Form ebenfalls.

Formen körperlicher Auseinandersetzung wurden aber auch von den Schaustellern in vielfältiger As institutionalized, for example in the Stabuffs , in which ring and boxing matches were played. The fights were there no means always fake, and many young people from the suburbs and surrounding villages took advantage of the opportunity it in front of their "buddies" or their "bride" with a fair wrestler or boxer record. If they last while very provocative, it was the very unpleasant consequences for the challengers ...

also was fought on the fairgrounds for a long time also

In the 17th and 18 Century enjoyed the art of fencing in the bourgeois milieu of the cities great popularity, also wanted to emulate the nobility.

There were ups by companies fencers, fencing and fencing-schools worldwide. Wandering journeymen and traveling entertainers of this fashion led to the following well before exhibition matches, and with the journeymen often focused on begging in the foreground, so that the word "fight" "beg" is increasingly synonymous with was. (1)

primarily propelled fighter belonged to the group of "tapping fencers" who had located under the "dishonest people" on a very low level, less identified with Predators. (2)

Although the "arts" of the knock Fechter, aimed solely at the show effect and maximizes the entertainment value enjoyed among serious fencers an extremely bad reputation they had as a fairground attraction a big encouragement for ordinary people:

"Therefore comes when etwan a new blatant, jugglers or Spiler angelanget is that one looks to see the with large inlet and heard: in particular, runs up the volume, when new two fighters and fencers arrive to see how this same walk loss to another, interpopola parry cut, to enable sound and blows. " (3)

"Specific types of knock fencing" were the so-called "cat's Knights". They showed risky animal baiting and fighting, bringing the total activities of the knock Fechter remember to ancient Roman gladiators and Tierhetzschauspiele. (4)

knock and Fechter Cats Knights were in the 17 and 18 Century counted indiscriminately with the other traveling artists, an equation, in particular, allows to draw conclusions about the reputation of jugglers and comedians:

"For example, BC Gerber says in his book 'sins of the world (...): 'these are now the unfortunate jugglers, acrobats, jugglers, comoedianten, fire-eaters, knocking real and how the vermin all may be so named (...)'. " (5)

According to this equation, the manifestations itinerant artists were directed well as official measures often indiscriminately to several of these groups:

"(...) define the Bavarian land rights from 1533 and 1616, fol.164 that a child could be disinherited,` so without their parents' wishes in frivolous exercise and boys life issued, as was a Freyhartsbueb or Gauckler, or could be, to fight with the animals, umb money order. `" (6)

During the 18th Century waned, the interest on the public stage fencing, animal hunts, however, remained to the end of the century popular. Vienna even has created a lot of thought "Incited Heater" for several thousand spectators. (7)

do mock battles with swords, with the advent of the popular jousting tournaments and medieval markets, "the usually deliver an extremely ate picture of the bustle of the fairs of the Middle Ages, since the 80s of the 20th Century, a great renaissance.

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(1) Schaer, Alfred: The old German fencer and musicians. A contribution to German cultural history. Strasbourg 1901, p.33 (2) see Danckert, Werner: Dishonest people. The outlawed professions. Bern 1963, p. 224 (3) Swiss Idiotikon 1688th Vol.1, S.667, quoted Schaer 1901, p.51 (4) see Hampe, Theodor: The traveling people in the German past. Leipzig 1902 (= Monographs on German Cultural History, edited by George Steinhaufen.18.) S.11f; Schaer 1901, p. 41 (5) Schaer 1901, p.66 (6) Ibid p. 44 (7) see Hampe 1902, Supplement 2

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Program Magazin Unirea 26dec. 2010

With drums and trumpets

The owner of the attraction tried with many resources the attention of the fair visitors to draw on their business in order to eventually move to just visit their establishments. The most important means in this case was the "show before the show", the "Parade" on the podium in front of the booth, with the eloquent praises of the rush hour and samples from the performance. In addition, numerous acoustic means were used, which provided in its variety and diversity for a very interesting sound in the "shack alleys" scents ...

Smaller booths was at least strong cut "on the drum" and the rush hour supported his presentation by vigorous ringing his bell. Larger display positions led small ensembles, and during the parade, brass and percussion instruments dominated. The musicians came mainly from Bohemia and the Palatinate - often drawn from the area around the village Mackenbach, so that was called by showmen and circuses committed musicians in the jargon of travelers' Mackenbacher. ( http://www.musikantenmuseum.de/Musikantentum.htm ) But it was also quite common for local musicians to engage the duration of the fair. The bands played on the parade and followed the ideas of menageries Liliputanershows, magicians and carnival vaudeville.

were the end, the number of noisy fairground organs, the whole orchestra could mimic to attract a way the public. These organs were with her exuberant Baroque fair and moving figures also an attractive focal point and were therefore always placed in a prominent place in the façade. Especially cinematography and Panoptic often have particularly impressive organs. As the center of organ building Waldkirch im Breisgau gained great popularity. Many of the companies produced primarily by the Ruth and brother fairground organs have been owned by generations of old fairground families and are nostalgic pieces of jewelry in the hustle and bustle of our day at the amusement park.

also present a number of collectors and museums, the old treasures in mint working condition and often. The pictured Ruth organ from the estate of Ruud Vader is the specimen which in the photograph of the early 20th Liliputanerbude Century can be seen. It was delivered in 1907 and later sonicated a crinoline and a small Ferris wheel, a so-called "Russian swing".

(The information on the history of the organ and the color photo comes from Ruud Vader, the old picture is from my collection.)

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Walburga

(c) 2009 Stefan Nagel

Number 5 my Sideshow banner is a giant or colossal Lady "with the aptly named" Walburga ". Further information on the display of very overweight people find themselves in the "anomalies" in www.schaubuden.de.

inspiration I was looking this time for obvious reasons for Rubens and Botero - and I finally decided to Botero, be more accurate picture "woman in there with cat effect" . I did not change much this time:

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All kinds of resources for shiny counterfeit money, smooth farts and the corrupt stomach

It is likely that this case has offered players the end of the presentation to the villagers a remedy for various ailments. (Wood engraving, Collection nail)

The for lifetime very famous magician Alexander sold home citizens from the previous blog after returning from his many years of American tour in his home city of Munster a wound and laxative, even decades after his death was marketed.

The sale of medicines or even the exercise of practical healing treatments ware obvious as when magicians often, but other traveling artists worked here. Thus, the ancestors of the still reported as a cable runner-known trotter clan following: "A Louis Trotter, (...), 1808, stayed a Force of 12 people, 2 cars and 5 horses in Kettwig on the Mosel. After they amused the people had to tightrope walking, they praised the impact of their medicines and their medical knowledge. They possessed the secret to cure all diseases easily. Their medicine, they sold at huge prices and then looked into the distance. Soon after, reports from Rhens, peddling their wives in villages with an agent that may not only help heal certain diseases but also give a new glimmer of counterfeit money. (...) Alois Taber (...) married, itinerant puppeteer 'Franziska Witthauer, a parents, surgeon' and a puppeteer were. " (1)

The example has a long tradition of combining juggling and showmanship, and quackery in the 17th and 18 Century was at its height and went back to the Middle Ages.

Even the medieval minstrel was in addition to its main fields of activity artistry and musicianship often a healer or "healing spells. At the very probable connections to shamanism point obtained to date include the traces of the musician and magician healer in South East Europe:

"The Szeklers in Transylvania in Hungary ancient customs of a religious play team survived. The musicians were shamans of healing, magic and music were also qualified. The ritual act was prepared by dancing, singing and gymnastic feats, which beat the drum and a spell was recited, (...) " (2)

The entertainers of modern times were often healers in appearance. (3) "The worm has a seed about the other henbane seeds for the dental woe about the other Pulffer / vertreibet which the Harnwinde / or Furtz softens / that you did not hear / so Manniche WOL in good company ministered is ... " (4)

deserves special attention Manfredi of Malta, acting as runners and high-wire acrobats, who allegedly picked up a stone of 700 pounds with the curls of his hair. Above all, "he drank large quantities of water and spat it out different fountains. He seems to have even alternated the liquids that came out of his mouth. Once it was wine, then beer, oil, milk and different fragrances (5) to his audience he was here like the effect of his "excellent balm for the corrupt stomach "demonstrate the 17th on a list received the announcement Century billed in addition to his artistic arts is (6). was

addition to such entertainers, the "side" selling remedies or treatments resulted in smaller, there were traveling quack whose main profession of the healing arts. The loud praises of their products and services ranging from increased competition at the fairs and markets soon no longer enough to attract the attention of the audience. Many therefore committed acrobats and clowns and animals could see. could reach (7)

How big the pomp traveling doctors, shows a Memminger Chronicle from 1724: "On 2 July came to a famous doctor named John Ehr. Strokes, with five coaches, including two very magnificent, was carrying 50 people, including women and children, a dwarf, two outlaws, two trumpeters, and various musicians, (...), also 18 horses and two camels. He had his Theatrum on the Ratzengraben sold its goods, played before and after comedies, (...), was polite people and proper in clothes. " (8) For a subsequent guest appearance was his troops as much as 30 musicians, a" Mohr "a tightrope walker, six" Laquai "and" various women and increasingly people. " (9) The famous doctor Eisenbarth had a troupe of 120 artists members, "the fax was, as he missed public enemas. (10)

During the Middle Ages the importance of traveling medicine man and healer musicians is to estimate quite high, spread the resources of the healers and charlatans of modern times often probably do more harm than good. At best, probably her "elephant and Elchschmalz" or their "famous planet rock" have been without any effect. This was not always the case: "'So have' Dryander says in the preface to his Pharmacopoeia 1542, Such vagrants and Leutebescheißer to all ailments a drug, a potion, an ointment, a patch or something so absurd that some of the life verzettet thereat. " (11)

Increasing criticism was also the artistic social program of the quack. Back in the 15th and 16 Century "swarm" the Nuremberg Council Minutes of decrees, "in which 'Travellers' or, Himmelreich 'is forbidden, you` petroleomics', `Quirinus Oil ',' Rosemary Balsam ',` Scorpion oil' or 'elephant lard' houses in Nuremberg cheap to keep . '(12) In Regensburg they were allowed to market time to year Patron or occur, they had to have their medicines but first be examined by doctors. (13) A similar procedure was in Zurich, where doctors and surgeons, an investigating authority ", the so-called" Geschau "formed. Roving Doctors could treat it in most cities, only certain diseases, so they made the doctors as little competition. In addition, it banned again from the indispensable advertising purposes artistic performances. (14) In Hamburg, it was said 1686 "tooth breakers, quacks and charlatans to seek assist Ireland in their theaters of jesters and fools." (15)

But all these measures against traveling quack taught little. Her story, which is closely linked with the history of other driving groups, reaches far into the 19th Century - although the skills waned, the trusted to them with increasing advances in medicine and superstition in decreasing the population. The first-mentioned means of force likely Trotting primarily found in rural areas received, and the "surgeon" and "technicians" at the fairs in the 18th Century still viscera fractions treated and acted as a stone engraver and Star, were limited to tooth extraction and minor surgery for corns, chilblains hardened "or ingrown nails.

What were much more comprehensive as the treatment areas of their colleagues earlier times, which would hardly have admitted to having a disease not a means or a "painless" method of treatment (16), as well as subsequent parody can be by sound of a carnival game. The song has certainly not by chance similarities to known Spotttlied to Dr. Eisenbarth, however, this is created only in 1800.

"Listen gentlemen all the same!

It is a master of arts

rich.

He calls himself champion Vivian,

the seven artists it really well (...) can. .

He can be masterful things

do talk the blind "(17)

While traveling entertainers trust no healer skills more, would present quack their audience will find other ways: use tabloids and , to modern media such as Internet and private channels to their magic in the guise of scientific evidence supposedly to praise, often with esoteric twist. The advertising strategies they use here are essentially those of their predecessors while at the fairs of yesteryear.

The target group has not changed: "... the many who are predisposed to drunken the illusion that the demand if the soil has denied the happiness, the happiness of another star, and if the world unsuccessful granted, they try to succeed in a world of spirits, if bitter circumstances will exist laws, so they call for the soft front of his wand laws, the half-educated are the Charlatans following, the weak and suffering-laden prey.. (18)

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(1) Arnold, H., fringe groups of the Gypsy people. Neustadt/Wstr.1975, S.157f, (2) Danckert, W.: Dishonest people. The outlawed professions. Bern 1963, S.250f, (3) See ibid p.218, (4) Garzoni, Thomaso: Piazza Universale: General venue / Marckt and Zusammenkunfft / all professions / arts / employments / affairs and Handwercken. Frankfurt 1659th Reproduction Nuremberg 1962, (5) Jay, R.: Sauschlau and refractory. People, animals, sensations of show business. Offenbach, 1988, p.316, (6), see Hampe, Th: The people moving in the German past. Leipzig 1902, p.118, (7) See Carl Stichler: Travellers doctors, quacks and medical distributors of the 17th Century. In: K. Sudhoff (ed.), Archives for the History of Medicine. 2. Vol Leipzig 1908, S.285ff, (8) quoted in Hampe 1902, p. 108, (9) See ibid, (10) Bose, G. Brinkmann, E.: Circus. history and aesthetics of a lower art. Berlin 1978, p. 24, (11) Hampton, 1902, p.107, (12) ibid, p.106, (13) see Schöppler, Hermann: A Medizinalordnung the free city of Regensburg. Sudhoff In 1908, p.127, (14) see Stichler 1908, S.286ff, (15) Beneke, O.: From dishonest people. Culture-historical Studies and stories from days gone by German industry and services with special reference to Hamburg. 2. Ed Berlin 1889, p. 58, (16) see Kopecny, A.: Travellers and vagabonds. Its history, survival skills, signs and roads. Berlin 1980, p.56, (17) quoted in Hampe, 1902, p.107, (18) Grete de Francesco: The power of the Charlatans. Basel 1937, S.32f

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One who set forth ...

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... to make his fortune in foreign lands.

The wizards for the Bude Fairs representing usually the second set of their craft, talking the stars of the 19th Century audience in halls and theaters. A magic booth could also serve as a springboard for a very large career :

The Munster Alexander Heimbürger (. 1819 1909) occupied as a child with mechanical and physical experiments. A guest performance by the famous magician Ludwig Doebler the city theater impressed the 16-year-old became so much that he self taught the basics of the "magic plant" learned and finally his body gave up as a law clerk to relax after an adventurous Travel penniless to join the "Professor of Magic" Friedrich Becker and take with him on trade fairs and large fairs.

Heimbürger had among others the function of a "reconnaissance mission": he sought quarters, was the printing of advertising flyers in order, hired the musicians and had built according to existing plans by local craftsmen, the big show booth.

Another task was to write positive reviews of the programs that the newspapers of the venues have been leaked. Such euphoric reports of supposed "art lovers" over the performances of magicians, trick rider companies and the like were in the 19 Century, a very common Advertising.

With guest appearances at fairs, the parade provided, however, the most important advertising dar. Heimbürger neglected this promotional tool with his first steps into independence after the breakup of Becker first:

"A terrible chaos of all sorts of musical and unmusical sounds filled the afternoon air, the individual stall holders outdid themselves in bringing forth the Free Spectacel. crier, harlequins, Fanfaronadenmacher shouted themselves hoarse to persuadiren the flocked spectators crowd into the individual stalls inside also had the opposite us located concurrent one. such a classical orator does not disdain, which was supported by two life-size machines, of which one blew the trumpet and the other the drum beat to it. With the traditional animated gesticulation, he pointed out the sights of his booth: 'Come in, come in, gentlemen! " was his stereotypical manner of speaking, 'what you see here in front of the booth is just a breeze. You have to come in, to admire the ne plus ultra of human ingenuity. Here one is preceded in the world for a hundred years. What art and science are able to make extraordinary, it can be here to convince some pennies themselves. One must see it to believe! Come in, gentlemen, will begin at once the idea. (...) 'Then came the machine, his trumpet, the drummer did the drum and the curious crowd pushed through the back whipped with white fringes, red curtain draped in a huge gold chain with a corpulent lady, the office of Cassirer managed, and during the temptations and loud praises of the great equanimity apparently Herangueurs under a gray parrot talked, standing in a shiny cage on the table.

As we were two poor fellow-artists at sothanem courage to play, which itself makes an ordinary citizen of the world hardly a household name.

We tried a contemptuous, pitying smile provoking, but could hardly jealous rage to hide, as we have seen that the accumulated amount hastened to take the advertised miracle in appearances, while a fresh audience rushed to that large signs and paintings covered booth to watch.

were in the same way, the other stands with the advertising resources wisely. Only we were alone in the midst of a very sober constitution. Confident of our services, which break in our humble opinion by its solidity even train had, we had installed only a few of our announcement list to the outside of the booth, but engagirt a very good orchestra, which was heard from time to time within the same. Now and then stood a few curious our list, but were soon through the off locks in the vicinity offered more effective attractant of us. "*

Only the merger with a tightrope walker company still on the same fair kept home fellow citizens, and his partner the complete ruin. The two ended after unsuccessful closed its citizens at home and cooperation showmen, the day a "glass spinning" and operated in the evening performances 'Hydraulic and pyrotechnic gas experiments', presented the home with its citizens enriched magic.

During a guest appearance in Hamburg was the clever and talented Heimbürger the way to grand salons and soon afterwards was one of "Lord Alexander" the most successful magicians of Germany, with an ever-growing sophisticated repertoire of large halls and theaters primarily in northern Germany completed and was invited to private performances by important personalities.

Alexander Heim citizens wanted to be "world famous" and ventured at the age of 24 years on a tour to America, from the he after 11 years in fact a rich and famous man returned to Munster. He could now live as a diverse society dedicated private person, he said the sale of a "wound and laxative" additional income. The father of 10 children died at the age of 89.

Heimbürger celebrated after some initial difficulties acclaimed successes in North and South America. Among his admirers were rulers, writers and great magician. Houdini started up in 1903 specifically to Munster, a visit to his esteemed colleague and Herman Melville mentions him in "Moby Dick":

Go and gaze upon

the iron emblematical harpoons round yonder lofty mansion, and your question will be answered. Yes; all these brave houses and flowery gardens came from the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian oceans. One and all, they were harpooned and dragged up hither from the bottom of the sea. Can Herr Alexander perform a feat like that?

... Heimbürgers Grab auf Münsters Zentralfriedhof

* Alexander Heimbürger: Ein moderner Zauberer. Erster Band. Münster 1882, S.263ff

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Drinking Swollen Ankles

"is the end to speak the somnambulist" headless

(c) Stefan Nagel

My fourth striking poster in the style of American Sideshow Banners has another classic on the subject show booths, the woman without a head .

The suggested form of presentation of this simple, but effective mirror illusion was quite typical and increased its wink-macabre aura: The headless body was obtained by various "medical equipment" with a variety of lights and displays on the life, the presenter of this " medical puzzle "as Doctor appeared. Inspired

I was this time by two pictures of Frida Kahlo: The template for the top lots was a portrait of her sister Cristina, Frida's husband and the doctor is Cristina's temporary lover Diego Rivera.